Mammal species of Southern Africa

( Chacma Baboon (Papio ursinus) - our logo features the Chacma Baboon. )

See also: Antelope Species

 
Photo
Name and Description, Habitat
Weight/Height

Chacma baboon

The Chacma Baboon (Papio ursinus), also known as the Cape Baboon, is, like all other baboons, from the Old World monkey family. With a body length of up to 115 cm and a weight from 15 to 31 kg, it is among the largest and heaviest baboon species.

The Chacma is generally dark brown to gray in color, with a patch of rough hair on the nape of its neck. Unlike the northern baboon species (the Guinea, Hamadryas, and Olive Baboons), Chacma males do not have a mane. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of this baboon is its long, downwardly-pointed face. Males can have canine teeth as long as 2 inches (longer than a lion's canine teeth). Baboons are sexually dimorphic, males being considerably larger than females.

 

Weight: 27-44kg

Height: up to 71cm

The Chacma Baboon is widespread and does not rank among threatened animal species.

Cape Buffalo

The African Buffalo or Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is a bovid from the family of the Bovidae. It is up to 1.7 meters high, 3.4 meters long. Savannah type buffaloes weigh 500-900 kg, with only males, normally larger than females, reaching the upper weight range. Forest type buffaloes are only half that size.

Buffalo mate and give birth strictly during the rainy seasons.

Herbivore

 

Weight: 750-820kg

Height: up to 170cm

 

Lion (Panthera leo)

Migrates after plains game, most types of bush

Carnivore

 

Weight: 180-240kg

Height: up to 106 cm

 

African Elephant

Most often, Savanna Elephants are found in open grasslands, marshes, and lakeshores. Herbivore

The Elephants of the genus Loxodonta, known collectively as African elephants

 

Height: 4 m (13 ft) at the shoulder and weighing approximately 7,000 kg (7.7 tons).

The average male stands about 3 m (10 ft) tall at the shoulder and weighs about 5500–6000 kg (6.1–6.6 tons), the female being much smaller.


Leopard

Migrates after plains game, types of bush range from higher mountains to savannah. Nocternal. Carnivore

The species' success in the wild owes in part to its opportunistic hunting behaviour and its adaptability to a variety of habitats. The leopard consumes virtually any animal it can catch and ranges from rainforest to desert. Its ecological role resembles that of the similarly-sized cougar in the Americas. Physically, the spotted cat most closely resembles the jaguar, although it is of lighter build. The leopard and jaguar may have shared ancestry, though the leopard might be more closely related to the lion.

 

Head and body length is between 90 and 190 cm (35 and 75 in), the tail reaches 60 to 110 cm (24 to 43 in). Shoulder height is 45 to 80 cm (18-31 in). Males are considerably larger than females and weigh 37 to 90 kg (81 to 198 lbs) compared to 28 to 60 kg (62 to 132 lbs) for females.

cheetah

Cheetah

The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is an atypical member of the cat family that is unique in its speed, while lacking climbing abilities. As such, it is placed in its own genus, Acinonyx. It is the fastest land animal, reaching speeds between 112 kilometres per hour (70 mph) and 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph) in short bursts covering distances up to 460 metres (1,500 ft), and has the ability to accelerate from 0 to 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph) in three seconds, greater than most supercars.

Black Rhino

Herbivore, The Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), also colloquially Black Rhino, is a mammal in the order Perissodactyla, native to the eastern and central areas of Africa

 

An adult Black Rhinoceros stands 140–170 cm (57.9–63 inches) high at the shoulder and is 3.3-3.6 m (10.8–11.8 feet) in length.[3] An adult weighs from 800 to 1400 kg (1,760 to 3,080 lb), exceptionally to 1820 kg (4,000 lb), with the females being smaller than the males. Two horns on the skull are made of keratin with the larger front horn typically 50 cm long, exceptionally up to 140 cm.

African Wildcat

Carnivore

The African Wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica), also known as the Desert Cat, is a subspecies of the Wildcat (F. silvestris). The African Wildcat eats primarily mice, rats and other small mammals. When the opportunity arises, it also eats birds, reptiles, amphibians and insects

 

The head-body length is 45 to 75 cm (17.7 to 29.5 inches), the tail 20 to 38 cm (7.87 to 15 inches), and the weight ranges from 3 to 6.5 kg (6.61 to 14.3 lbs).

Serval

Its main habitat is the savanna, although melanistic individuals are more usually found in mountainous areas. The Serval needs watercourses within its territory, so it does not live in semi-deserts or dry steppes. It is able to climb and swim, but seldom does so. It has now dwindled in numbers due to human population taking over its habitat and also hunting its pelt.

 

The length is 85 cm (34 in), plus 40 cm (16 in) of tail, and the shoulder height is about 53 cm (21 in). Weight can range from 9 to 20 kg (20-44 lbs). Life expectancy is about 12-20 years.

Spotted Hyena

The Spotted Hyena, or Laughing Hyena, (Crocuta crocuta) is a mammal of the order Carnivora. They are moderately large, terrestrial carnivores native to sub-Saharan Africa

 

It ranges in body length from 95 to 150 centimeters (3.1-5 feet), and stands from 75 to 90 centimeters (2.5-3 feet) at the shoulder. In East Africa, the normal weight range for the male (who is usually more lightly built than the female) is 36 to 55 kilograms (80-121 pounds); whereas, the females normally weigh from 48 to 55 kilograms (105-121 pounds). They tend to grow larger in Southern Africa, with females often reaching 70 kilograms (154 pounds), with a maximum reported size of 90 kilograms (200 pounds).

Brown Hyena

Carnivore - The Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea, formerly Hyaena brunnea) lives mainly in the Kalahari and Namib deserts of southern Africa.

It is smaller than the Spotted Hyena, and unlike its spotted cousin, is largely a scavenger. It is the largest land animal to derive most of its diet from scavenging, although it will also hunt small mammals. Because of the scarcity of food in the desert, the Brown Hyena supplements its diet with fruit and vegetables, and along the Namib coastline it is known to snatch seal pups.

 

The intermediate-sized extant hyena, this species is 110–136 cm (43–53 in) in body length, 64–88 cm (25–35 in) tall at the shoulder and weighs 37–55 kg (82–121 lb), though exceptional larger individuals are known.

Genet

Genets are superficially cat-like creatures, despite being only distantly related to cats. Most of them have spotted coats and long, banded tails, small heads, and large ears.

 

Like civets, genets have strong musk glands, which are used to mark territory, and they are known to perform handstands when doing this. Genets are highly agile creatures, and are the only Viverrids that stand bipedally.

Civet

Civets are omnivorous, supplementing a meat diet (both hunted and scavenged) with fruit, eggs, and posssibly roots.

 

Civets have a broadly cat-like general appearance, though the muzzle is extended and often pointed, rather like an otter or a mongoose. They range in length from about 17 to 28 in (400 to 700 mm) (excluding their long tails) and in weight from about 3 to 10 lb (1 to 5 kg).

Honey Badger

The Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis), also known as the Ratel, is a member of the Mustelidae family

 

The head-and-body length ranges from 60 to 102 cm, plus a tail of 16 to 30 cm. The animal's height at the shoulder can be from 23 to 30 cm. Adult body weights vary from 5.5 to 14 kg. There is a considerable difference between the sizes of males and females, with males sometimes weighing up to twice as much as females. The weight range for females is 5.5 to 10 kg, while males range from 9 to 15 kg.

Vervet Monkey

The Vervet Monkey, sometimes simply known as the Vervet, is the common name of the species Chlorocebus pygerythrus, an African Old World monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. (The common term "vervet" is also sometimes used to refer to all the members of the genus Chlorocebus.)

The Vervet Monkey is presently found around South Africa, where they are classified as vermin. Sources indicate that this monkey must go through life in constant danger of being killed by people. In South Africa, this creature can be killed in any method without previously obtaining a permit.

 

The Vervet Monkey inhabits savanna lands and mountains up to 4000 m. Males vary in size from 45 to 85 cm, and weigh between 3.5 to 7.5 kg, while females, range from 40 to 60 cm in size and between 2.5 to 5.5 kg in weight. Both have tail lengths that can vary from 50 to 115 cm.

The Vervet Monkey is mainly frugivorous, but it also supplements its diet with a variety of other foods, including leaves, seeds, insects and small rodents. It commonly lives in groups or "troops" of 20 or more, however the size of the group is often smaller than 20. Its gestation period is 7 months with a single offspring produced and is known to have a life span of up to 20 years.

Jackal

Black backed Jackal

The Black-backed Jackal (Canis mesomelas), also known as the Silver-backed Jackal is a mammal of the order Carnivora.

 

The Black-backed Jackal inhabits two areas of the African continent separated by roughly 900 kilometers. One region includes the southern-most tip of the continent including South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. The other area is along the eastern coastline, including Kenya, Somalia, and Ethiopia.

Warthog

Warthog

The warthog or common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus, "African Lens-Pig") is a wild member of the pig family that lives in Africa.

 

The common name comes from the four large wart-like tusks found on the head of the warthog, which serve the purpose of defense when males fight. They are the only widely recognised species in their genus, though some authors divide them into two species. On that classification, P. africanus is the common (or northern) warthog and P. aethiopicus is the desert warthog, also known as the Cape or Somali warthog.

Bushpig

Bushpig

The Bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus) is a very hairy member of the pig family that lives in forest thickets, riverine vegetation and reedbeds close to water in Africa. They are mainly nocturnal and are seldom seen during the day. The Southern Bush Pig subspecies, Potamochoerus larvatus koirpotamus ranges from Ethiopia to Angola and south eastern Africa and is classed as vulnerable.

Bushpigs range in size from 60 to 85cm (24 – 33 in.) at the shoulder and 46 to 82kg (101-180 lbs) in weight. They resemble the domestic pig and are identified by the blunt, muscular snout, small eyes, and pointed, tufted ears. Their colour varies from reddish-brown to dark brown and becomes darker with age. Both sexes have a lighter coloured mane which bristles when the animal becomes agitated. The upper parts of the face and ears are also lighter in colour. Sharp tusks are not very long and are not conspicuous. Unlike the Warthog, the Bushpig runs with its tail down. Males are normally larger than females.

 

 

The Bushpig should not be confused with the Red River Hog, Potamochoerus porcus.

Bushpigs are quite social animals and are found in sounders of up to 12 members. A typical group will consist of a dominant male and a dominant female, with other females and juveniles accounting for the rest. Litters of 3-4 young are born in summer after a gestation period of ± 4 months. Bushpigs can be very aggressive, especially when they have young.

They are Omnivorous and their diet could include roots, crops, carrion, as well as newborn lambs. They grunt softly while foraging and make a long, resonant growl as an alarm call.

Still distributed over a relatively wide natural range, the bushpig occurs from Somalia to eastern and southern former Zaire and southwards to Cape Province and Natal in South Africa (Oliver, 1993), having probably been introduced on Madagascar, Comoro and Mayotte Islands (Wilson & Reeder, 1993).

Porkupine

Porkupine

 

 

Defends itself with pine-like needles that can be trijected from it's body. Needles used in African artworks.

Giraffe

Giraffe

The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest of all land-living animal species, and the largest ruminant

 

Males can be 4.8 to 5.5 metres (16 to 18 feet) tall and weigh up to 1,700 kilograms (3,800 pounds). The record-sized bull, shot in Kenya in 1934, was 5.87 m (19.2 ft) tall and weighed approximately 2,000 kg (4,400 lb).[2] Females are generally slightly shorter, and weigh less than the males do.

Burchell's Zebra

Burchell's Zebra

Burchell's Zebra is a large land mammal with an off-white coloring, but never pure white. The shadow stripes are usually well marked, and the leg stripes are absent or poor, and almost never complete to hooves.


Formerly the Burchell's zebra ranged north of the Vaal/Orange river system, extending northwest via southern Botswana to Etosha and the Kaokoveld, southeast to Swaziland and Kwazulu-Natal. Now extinct in the middle portion, but surviving at the northwestern and southeastern end of the distribution.



 

Like other plain zebras, Burchell's Zebras must have populated the African plains in impressive numbers. Associations of thousands have been reported.

The wild herds were thought to have disappeared by 1910, and the last known captive individual died in the Berlin Zoo in 1918. As European settlement spread northward from the Cape to colonial Southern Rhodesia, this subspecies was thought to have been hunted to extinction.

Mountain Zebra

Like all zebras, it is boldly striped in black and white and no two individuals look exactly alike. The stripe can be black and white or dark brown and white. Their stripes cover their whole bodies except for their bellies. The Mountain zebra also has a dewlap.

Adult mountain zebras have a body length of 2.2m (7.2ft). Shoulder height ranges from 1-1.4 m (3-4 ft.) They typically weigh between 240 and 372 kg. (528 to 818.4 lbs) Groves and Bell found that the Cape mountain zebra exhibits sexual dimorphism, with larger females than males, while the Hartmann's mountain zebra does not.

 

The black stripes of Hartmann's mountain zebra are thin with much wider white interspaces, while this is the opposite in Cape mountain zebra.

White Rhino

The White Rhinoceros or Square-lipped rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) is one of the five species of rhinoceros that still exist and is one of the few megafauna species left.

Behind the elephants, it is probably the most massive remaining land animal in the world, along with the Hippopotamus, which are of comparable size.

It is well known for its wide mouth used for grazing and for being the most social of all rhino species.

 

The White Rhino is the most common of all rhinos and consists of two subspecies, with the northern subspecies being rarer than the southern.

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Antelope Species

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